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Sex differences in wildlife risk-taking behavior

Robust sex differences exist in risk-taking behaviors.  In some vertebrate species, males are also more aggressive and take more risks, and these ‘male-typical’ behaviors are linked with testosterone. Less appreciated is the fact that females also have circulating testosterone and engage in these ‘male-typical’ behaviors, yet the extent to which these behaviors are linked to testosterone is unknown. In this study, we compare male and female risk-taking behaviors under natural settings that elicit anxiety and fear related behaviors and examine its co-variation with testosterone and cortisol in a wild gerbil. We experimentally elevate testosterone levels using implants and measured gerbil risk-taking behavior in 'safe' and 'risky' environments.

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